Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950),[1] known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist and journalist. His work is marked by clarity, intelligence and wit, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and commitment to democratic socialism.[2][3]
Considered perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture,[4] Orwell wroteliterary criticism, poetry, fiction andpolemical journalism. He is best known for the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four(1949) and the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945), which together have sold more copies than any two books by any other 20th-century author.[5] His book Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, is widely acclaimed, as are his numerousessays on politics, literature, language and culture. In 2008, The Times ranked him second on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[6]
Orwell's work continues to influence popularand political culture, and the term Orwellian— descriptive of totalitarian or authoritariansocial practices — has entered the language together with several of his neologisms, including Cold War, doublethink,thoughtcrime, Big Brother and thought police.[7]
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